Cycle ORM leaves enough room for developers to alter its behavior. In this section, we will try to create an ActiveRecord-like entity implementation which is automatically configured based on database introspection.
Note Cycle ORM has its own powerful Active Record implementation. This article is intended to show an alternative way to implement ActiveRecord pattern.
Engine is still going to use repositories and mappers behind the hood. In this article we are only going to handle column mapping, relation configuration must be done separately.
We will try to achieve the following functionality:
$user = User::find()->findOne(['name' => 'John']) ?? new User();
$user->name = "new name";
$user->save();
We would try to simplify our entity by disabling the hydration, properties will be stored in the form of an array. We
are also going to create save, find and delete methods.
First, we will have to ensure access to the ORM instance, a transaction, and the repository (statically):
use Cycle\ORM;
abstract class Record
{
private static ORM\ORMInterface $orm;
public function save(bool $saveChildren = true): ORM\Transaction\StateInterface
{
$manager = new ORM\EntityManager(self::getORM());
return $manager->persist($this, $saveChildren)->run();
}
public function delete(): ORM\Transaction\StateInterface
{
$manager = new ORM\EntityManager(self::getORM());
return $manager->delete($this)->run();
}
public static function find(): ORM\RepositoryInterface
{
return self::getORM()->getRepository(static::class);
}
public static function getORM(): ORM\ORMInterface
{
return self::$orm;
}
public static function setORM(ORM\ORMInterface $orm): void
{
self::$orm = $orm;
}
}
To store and access entity data we are going to use a private array (with the prefix __ added to avoid collisions with
user methods):
abstract class Record
{
private array $data = [];
public function __construct(array $data = [])
{
$this->__setData($data);
}
public function __setData(array $data): void
{
$this->data = $data;
}
public function __getData(): array
{
return $this->data;
}
// ...
}
We can use __get and __set to access our data, the resulting base entity will look like:
use Cycle\ORM;
abstract class Record
{
private static ORM\ORMInterface $orm;
private array $data = [];
public function __construct(array $data = [])
{
$this->__setData($data);
}
public function __setData(array $data): void
{
$this->data = $data;
}
public function __getData(): array
{
return $this->data;
}
public function __get($name)
{
return $this->data[$name];
}
public function __set($name, $value): void
{
$this->data[$name] = $value;
}
public function save(bool $saveChildren = true): ORM\Transaction\StateInterface
{
$manager = new ORM\EntityManager(self::getORM());
return $manager->persist($this, $saveChildren)->run();
}
public function delete(): ORM\Transaction\StateInterface
{
$manager = new ORM\EntityManager(self::getORM());
return $manager->delete($this)->run();
}
public static function find(): ORM\RepositoryInterface
{
return self::getORM()->getRepository(static::class);
}
public static function getORM(): ORM\ORMInterface
{
return self::$orm;
}
public static function setORM(ORM\ORMInterface $orm): void
{
self::$orm = $orm;
}
}
Now, in order to properly initiate and persist the entity, we have to create a mapper specific to our implementation. We
can extend Cycle\ORM\Mapper\DatabaseMapper for this purpose:
use Cycle\ORM;
class ARMapper extends ORM\Mapper\DatabaseMapper
{
public function init(array $data, string $role = null): object
{
$class = $this->resolveClass($data, $role);
return new $class;
}
public function hydrate(object $entity, array $data): object
{
/** @var Record $entity */
$entity->__setData($data);
return $entity;
}
public function extract(object $entity): array
{
/** @var Record $entity */
return $entity->__getData();
}
public function fetchFields(object $entity): array
{
return array_intersect_key(
$this->extract($entity),
array_flip($this->columns)
);
}
}
You are free to use any other mapper customizations in combination with AR approach.
Since we are using the AR approach we are going to use table introspection to drive mapping schema (which can be cached) .
Assuming we have a table user with columns (id, name), we can create our first entity User:
class User extends Record {
public const TABLE = 'user';
}
The next step is to create a generator capable of finding and configuring our entity. We are going to
use Spiral\Tokenizer\ClassesInterface to automatically locate our Record classes:
use Cycle\Schema\GeneratorInterface;
use Cycle\Schema\Registry;
use Spiral\Prototype\Traits\PrototypeTrait;
use Spiral\Tokenizer\ClassesInterface;
class ARGenerator implements GeneratorInterface
{
/** @var ClassesInterface */
private $classLocator;
public function __construct(ClassesInterface $classLocator)
{
$this->classLocator = $classLocator;
}
public function run(Registry $registry): Registry
{
foreach ($this->classLocator->getClasses(Record::class) as $entity) {
if ($entity->isAbstract()) {
continue;
}
$this->declareEntity($registry, $entity->getName(), $entity->getConstant('TABLE'));
}
return $registry;
}
private function declareEntity(Registry $registry, string $class, string $table)
{
// see below
}
}
In our declareEntity method we have to associate a table with our entity and fetch all available columns:
use Cycle\Schema\Definition;
// ...
private function declareEntity(Registry $registry, string $class, string $table)
{
$e = new Definition\Entity();
$e->setRole($class);
$e->setClass($class);
$e->setMapper(ARMapper::class);
$registry->register($e);
$registry->linkTable($e, 'default', $table);
$schema = $registry->getTableSchema($e);
foreach ($schema->getColumns() as $column) {
$field = new Definition\Field();
$field->setColumn($column->getName());
if (in_array($column->getName(), $schema->getPrimaryKeys())) {
$field->setPrimary(true);
}
$e->getFields()->set($column->getName(), $field);
}
}
Error checking is omitted.
Now we have all the pieces to compile our ORM mapping schema:
$finder = (new \Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder())->files()->in(['src-directory']);
$classLocator = new \Spiral\Tokenizer\ClassLocator($finder);
$schema = (new \Cycle\Schema\Compiler())->compile(
new \Cycle\Schema\Registry($orm->getFactory()),
[
new ARGenerator($classLocator),
new \Cycle\Schema\Generator\ValidateEntities(),
new \Cycle\Schema\Generator\GenerateTypecast()
]
);
$schema = new Schema($schema);
You can store generated schema in the cache to speed up application bootstrap.
You can also write ORM schemas manually for your AR entities. It will allow you to skip the compilation and caching phases altogether:
use Cycle\ORM\Schema;
$schema = new Schema([
'user' => [
Schema::ENTITY => User::class,
Schema::MAPPER => ARMapper::class,
Schema::REPOSITORY => UserRepository::class, // optional, available via User::find()
Schema::DATABASE => 'default',
Schema::TABLE => 'user',
Schema::PRIMARY_KEY => 'id',
Schema::COLUMNS => [
'id' => 'id', // property => column
'name' => 'name',
],
Schema::TYPECAST => [
'id' => 'int',
],
Schema::RELATIONS => [],
],
]);
Once the schema is obtained we can start working with our entities:
$orm = $orm->with(schema: $schema);
Record::setORM($orm);
To create a user:
$user = new User();
$user->name = 'Antony';
$user->save();
print_r($u->id);
To find users:
foreach (User::find()->findAll() as $user) {
print_r($user);
}